VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE ved - visual editor (screen-oriented) SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS vvvveeeedddd [ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] [ _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e ... ] DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN VVVVeeeedddd (visual editor) is a small and very fast screen-oriented editor that implements a user interface somewhere between vvvviiii and eeeemmmmaaaaccccssss. It is powerful and easy to learn, it has no lim- itations on line length and the type of characters that may appear in a file. It has almost no limitations on file size (see NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEESSSS section below). To use vvvveeeedddd to edit a file for the first time, call vvvveeeedddd and specify the name of the file you want to edit. If you edit a file for the second time, vvvveeeedddd will place you at the same cursor position that was used the last time when editing this file. If you do not specify a file name, vvvveeeedddd will assume that you want to edit the last file you edited in your current directory. The cursor position in this case again will be the same as with the last editing session for this file. OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS ----vvvv, ----vvvveeeeddddhhhheeeellllpppp An editing session is started with the on-line help. This is done in read-only mode. ----rrrr, ----rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy In this mode, you may edit the content of the edit buffer but you are not allowed to write back the modi- fied buffer by using the quit command of the editor. If you use this option more than once, the readonly value is incremented. If ----rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy is used twice or more, you are not allowed to write the file back even in quit force mode. bbbb====#, bbbbuuuuffffffffeeeerrrrssss====# By default vvvveeeedddd uses 10 in-core buffers, each in-core buffer takes 8 kB (the actual values that are compiled into vvvveeeedddd may be retrieved by calling vvvveeeedddd ----hhhheeeellllpppp). Files that are bigger than the total amount of in-core buffer space are edited by using the swap file of vvvveeeedddd. If you specify a number that is higher than the default, you will need more space in memory but the speed will slightly increase. ----nnnn, ----nnnnoooobbbbaaaakkkk Don't create _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e._b_a_k when writing back the file using the quit command of the editor. Note that if you Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 1 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) use this option you will still break hard links. If you like to write into the original file, you should better use the 'W' command when you quit vvvveeeedddd. ----eeee, ----eeeeddddttttmmmmpppp Don't write to the file ....vvvveeeeddddttttmmmmpppp._u_i_d.... ( vvvveeeedddd normally stores the names and cursor positions of files in ....vvvveeeeddddttttmmmmpppp._u_i_d ) ----rrrraaaawwww8888 Do not expand 8-bit characters. Note that vvvveeeedddd will by default not expand 8-bit characters that seem to be printable. If this option is ised, the expansion of 8-bit characters is turned off unconditionally. ----ddddoooossss Map new-line to carriage-return new-line and hide carriage-return characters that are directly followed by a new-line. If you type in a new line this results in inserting a carriage-return new-line pair. But as vvvveeeedddd is acting binary transparent, reading in files that do not follow DOS newline conventions will not cause the content of the file to be automatically converted to use DOS new-lines. ssss====_s_e_a_r_c_h _s_t_r_i_n_g Start editing session with search to _s_e_a_r_c_h_s_t_r. ----ttttaaaagggg First filename is really a ctag. wwwwrrrraaaappppmmmmaaaarrrrggggiiiinnnn====# Set default wrap margin to #. The wrap margin is counted from the end of a terminal line. ----RRRR, ----RRRReeeeccccoooovvvveeeerrrr Recover Session from specified filename. vvvveeeedddd generates a file _v_e_d_P._x_x_x_x in the /_t_m_p directory in which all action of the user is stored during the session. This file must be used as the only argument to vvvveeeedddd when run- ning a recover session. TTTTHHHHEEEE SSSSTTTTAAAATTTTUUUUSSSS LLLLIIIINNNNEEEE The first (top) line of the screen is reserved for vvvveeeedddd status information. The status line is divided into five fields. The fields are (from left to right): IIIInnnnffffoooo////IIIInnnnppppuuuutttt The first field is used to display informational mes- sages and to fetch additional input that is required for some commands. Each command that needs confirma- tion requests input from this field. The size of this field defaults to 1/4th of the length of a line. It Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 2 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) may use more if needed. NNNNuuuummmmbbbbeeeerrrr The second field contains the current multiplier for the next command. The current multiplier is reset to 1 after each command, it may be set to a different value by the user (See NNNNUUUUMMMMBBBBEEEERRRRSSSS section below). This multi- plier will be referred to as _n_u_m_b_e_r in the following text. The size of this field is fixed to 1/8th of the length of a line. TTTTaaaakkkkeeeebbbbuuuuffff The third field contains is the name of the actual take buffer. The name of this buffer defaults to ddddeeeeffffaaaauuuulllltttt on startup. It may be changed by the user. The size of this field is fixed to 1/4th of the length of a line. FFFFiiiilllleeeennnnaaaammmmeeee The fourth field usually displays the current filename. The size of this field defaults to 1/4th of the length of a line. It may use up more if needed and no error text is displayed. It may be hidden for some time if a long error message is displayed. EEEErrrrrrrroooorrrr tttteeeexxxxtttt The fifth field is used to display all error messages and warnings. The size of this field defaults to 1/4th of the length of a line. If needed, it may use the space of the filename field too. BBBBAAAASSSSIIIICCCC CCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMAAAANNNNDDDD FFFFOOOORRRRMMMMAAAATTTT VVVVeeeedddd does not distinguish between _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _m_o_d_e and _i_n_s_e_r_t _m_o_d_e. All non control characters are treated as input (which should be inserted into the file buffer) unless they are prefixed by some commands that need arguments. All basic vvvveeeedddd commands are control characters or escape sequences. To enter a control character, use the ccccoooonnnnttttrrrroooollll key like the sssshhhhiiiifffftttt key together with a character key; to enter an escape sequence, press the <<<>>> key followed by another key. In the following description, ^^^^ represents the control key and <<<>>> the escape key (which is identical to pressing ^^^^[[[[). <<<>>> has a similar usage as <<<>>> but different mean- ing in vvvveeeedddd and represents the combination ^^^^]]]]. The combina- tion ^^^^_c_h_a_r is a single keystroke, while <<<>>>_c_h_a_r or <<<>>>_c_h_a_r are two keystrokes. If the command takes an argu- ment, the argument is terminated with a carriage return <<<>>>. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 3 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) A command may be modified in four ways: EEEEssssccccaaaappppeeee ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnnddddssss Typing the <<<>>> key (or ^^^^[[[[) before the command will modify it to an alternate form, usually a related func- tion. AAAAlllltttt ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnnddddssss Typing the AAAALLLLTTTT key ( ^^^^]]]] ) before the command, inserts a mark (with a few exceptions) in the text usually at the current cursor position. You can precede any command that moves the cursor with the AAAALLLLTTTT key and vvvveeeedddd sets the mark before moving the cursor. EEEExxxxtttteeeennnnddddeeeedddd ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnnddddssss Typing a ^^^^XXXX before another command enters the extended mode. The extended mode just enters another level of commands. MMMMuuuullllttttiiiipppplllliiiieeeedddd eeeexxxxeeeeccccuuuuttttiiiioooonnnn Numbers that are entered by typing <<<>>>####<<<>>> (# represents a positive number) will set the multiplier to that number and display it in the status line of vvvveeeedddd. If a number greater than oooonnnneeee is entered before a command, that command is usually repeated _n_u_m_b_e_r times. Exceptions are some cursor movement commands where dif- ferent functions will be executed _n_u_m_b_e_r times instead of repeating the visible basic functionality of the command. CCCCUUUURRRRSSSSOOOORRRR MMMMOOOOVVVVEEEEMMMMEEEENNNNTTTT Like every editor, vvvveeeedddd has a typing point, called ccccuuuurrrrssssoooorrrr, which is indicated by the (in most cases) flashing bar or box (depending on your terminal/window type) on your screen. The cursor indicates the point within the file buffer where the typed characters are going to. It is your current place in the file buffer. The commands that move the cursor within the file buffer are explained in this section. CCCCuuuurrrrssssoooorrrr mmmmoooovvvveeeemmmmeeeennnntttt ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd oooovvvveeeerrrrvvvviiiieeeewwww:::: KKKKeeeeyyyy CCCCTTTTRRRRLLLL EEEESSSSCCCC CCCCTTTTRRRRLLLL AAAALLLLTTTT AAAALLLLTTTT EEEESSSSCCCC LLLLaaaabbbbeeeellll set mark first set mark first ||||<<<<---- AAAA start of line start of para start of line start of para FFFF2222 BBBB go to beginning go to bottom go to beginning go to bottom ---->>>>|||| EEEE end of line end of para end of line end of para ---->>>> FFFF forward char forward word forward char forward word <<<<---- HHHH back char back word back char back word ||||vvvv NNNN down line down para down line down para ||||^^^^ PPPP up line up para up line up para Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 4 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) CCCCuuuurrrrssssoooorrrr mmmmoooovvvveeeemmmmeeeennnntttt ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnnddddssss iiiinnnn ddddeeeettttaaaaiiiillll:::: ^^^^AAAA moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line. If the cursor is already at the beginning, it will not move. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^AAAA moves the cursor that number of characters from the beginning of the current line. <<<>>>^^^^AAAA moves the cursor to the beginning of the current para- graph. If the cursor is already at the beginning, it will not move. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^AAAA moves the cursor that number of words from the beginning of the current paragraph. <<<>>>^^^^AAAA inserts the mark at the current cursor position before moving the cursor to the beginning of the current line. If the cursor is already at the beginning, it will not move, but vvvveeeedddd will still inserts the mark. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^AAAA inserts the mark, then moves the cursor that number of characters from the beginning of the current line. <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^AAAA inserts the mark at the current cursor position before moving the cursor to the beginning of the current para- graph. If the cursor is already at the beginning, it will not move, but vvvveeeedddd will still inserts the mark. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^AAAA inserts the mark, then moves the cursor that number of words from the beginning of the current paragraph. ^^^^BBBB moves the cursor to the beginning of the file. If the cursor is already at the beginning of the file, it will not move. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^BBBB moves the cursor that number of lines from the beginning of the file. <<<>>>^^^^BBBB moves the cursor to the end of the file. If the cursor is already at the end of the file, it will not move. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^BBBB moves the cursor that number of lines from the end of the file. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 5 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) <<<>>>^^^^BBBB inserts the mark at the current cursor position before moving the cursor to the beginning of the file. If the cursor is already at the beginning of the file, it will not move, but vvvveeeedddd still inserts the mark. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^BBBB inserts the mark, then moves the cursor that number of lines from the beginning of the file. <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^BBBB inserts the mark at the current cursor position before moving the cursor to the end of the file. If the cursor is already at the end of the file, it will not move, but vvvveeeedddd still inserts the mark. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^BBBB inserts the mark, then moves the cursor that number of lines from the end of the file. ^^^^EEEE moves the cursor to the end of the current line. If the cursor is already at the end of the line, it will not move. The last character on the line is the invisible ASCII newline character NL; when the cursor is at the end of the line, it is not on a visible character. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^EEEE moves the cursor that number of characters from the end of the current line. <<<>>>^^^^EEEE moves the cursor to the end of the current paragraph. If the cursor is already at the end, it will not move. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^EEEE moves the cursor that number of words from the end of the current para- graph. <<<>>>^^^^EEEE inserts the mark at the current cursor position before moving the cursor to the end of the current line. If the cursor is already at the end of the line, it will not move, but vvvveeeedddd still inserts the mark. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^EEEE inserts the mark, then moves the cursor that number of characters from the end of the current line. <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^EEEE inserts the mark at the current cursor position before moving the cursor to the end of the current paragraph. If the cursor is already at the end of the paragraph, it will not move, but vvvveeeedddd still inserts the mark. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 6 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^EEEE inserts the mark, then moves the cursor that number of words from the end of the current paragraph. ^^^^FFFF moves the cursor one character position to the right. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^FFFF moves the cursor that number of characters to the right. Depending on the cursor position, with or without _n_u_m_b_e_r being greater than one, ^^^^FFFF could move the cursor down to the next line. If the cursor is at the end of the line, the cursor will move to the first position of the next line. <<<>>>^^^^FFFF moves the cursor forward to the first letter of the next word. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^FFFF moves the cursor forward that number of words. Depending on the current cursor position and the value of _n_u_m_b_e_r, <<<>>>^^^^FFFF might move the cursor down one or more lines. <<<>>>^^^^FFFF inserts the mark at the current cursor position before moving the cursor one character to the right. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^FFFF inserts the mark, then moves the cursor that number of characters to the right. <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^FFFF inserts the mark at the current cursor position before moving the cursor to the first letter of the next word. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^FFFF inserts the mark, then moves the cursor that number of words to the right. ^^^^HHHH moves the cursor one character position to the left. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^HHHH moves the cursor that number of characters to the left. Depending on the cursor position, ^^^^HHHH, with or without _n_u_m_b_e_r being greater than one, could move the cursor up to the previous line. If the cursor is at the beginning of the line when you press ^^^^HHHH, the cursor will move to the last position of the previous line. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 7 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) <<<>>>^^^^HHHH moves the cursor to the first letter of the word just prior to its current position. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^HHHH moves the cursor that number of words backwards. Depending on the current cursor position and the value of _n_u_m_b_e_r, the cursor may move up one or more lines. <<<>>>^^^^HHHH inserts the mark at the current cursor position before moving the cursor one character position to the left. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^HHHH inserts the mark, then moves the cursor that number of characters to the left. <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^HHHH inserts the mark at the current cursor position before moving the cursor to the first letter of the previous word. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^HHHH inserts the mark, then moves the cursor that number of words to the left. ^^^^NNNN moves the cursor down one line while maintaining its horizontal position. If the cursor is on the last char- acter of the last line when you press ^^^^NNNN, the cursor will not move and you will hear a beep. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^NNNN moves the cursor down that number of lines. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than the number lines remaining in the file, the cursor will stop moving at the end of the file. <<<>>>^^^^NNNN moves the cursor to the beginning of the next para- graph. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^NNNN moves the cursor down that number of paragraphs. <<<>>>^^^^NNNN inserts the mark at the current cursor position before moving the cursor down one line. Note that the cursor maintains its horizontal position on the line; i.e., if the cursor was on the fifth character of the line when you pressed <<<>>>^^^^NNNN, it will move to the fifth charac- ter of the line below. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 8 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^NNNN inserts the mark, then moves the cursor down that number of lines. <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^NNNN inserts the mark at the current cursor position before moving the cursor to the beginning of the next para- graph. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^NNNN first inserts the mark, then moves the cursor down that number of paragraphs. ^^^^PPPP moves the cursor up one line while maintaining its hor- izontal position. If the cursor is on the first line of the file when you press ^^^^PPPP, the cursor will not move and you will hear a beep. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^PPPP moves the cursor up that number of lines. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than the number of lines between the cursor and the beginning of the file, the cursor will stop moving at the beginning of the file. <<<>>>^^^^PPPP moves the cursor to the beginning of the previous para- graph. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^PPPP moves the cursor that number of paragraphs prior to the cursor's posi- tion. <<<>>>^^^^PPPP inserts the mark at the current cursor position before moving the cursor up one line. Note that the cursor maintains its horizontal position on the line; i.e., if the cursor was on the fifth character of the line when you pressed <<<>>>^^^^PPPP, it will move to the fifth charac- ter of the line above. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^PPPP inserts the mark, then moves the cursor up that number of lines. <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^PPPP inserts the mark at the current cursor position before moving the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^PPPP first inserts the mark, then moves the cursor up that number of paragraphs prior to its current position. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 9 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) AAAADDDDDDDDIIIITTTTIIIIOOOONNNN////DDDDEEEELLLLEEEETTTTIIIIOOOONNNN All additions are always made at the place where the visible cursor is. All deletions are saved in two buffers: the ffffoooorrrrwwwwaaaarrrrdddd ddddeeeelllleeeetttteeee bbbbuuuuffffffffeeeerrrr and the bbbbaaaacccckkkkwwwwaaaarrrrddddssss ddddeeeelllleeeetttteeee bbbbuuuuffffffffeeeerrrr. The characters in the backward delete buffer are saved in reverse order to allow to reinsert them in the correct order. As long as you don't move the cursor and start deleting new text, the con- tent of both, the forward and the backwards delete buffer may be reinserted with the uuuunnnnddddoooo ddddeeeelllleeeetttteeee command. This allows you to move text by deleting it and reinserting it after you moved the cursor to another position in the file AAAAddddddddiiiittttiiiioooonnnn////DDDDeeeelllleeeettttiiiioooonnnn ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd oooovvvveeeerrrrvvvviiiieeeewwww:::: KKKKeeeeyyyy CCCCTTTTRRRRLLLL EEEESSSSCCCC CCCCTTTTRRRRLLLL AAAALLLLTTTT AAAALLLLTTTT EEEESSSSCCCC LLLLaaaabbbbeeeellll set mark first set mark first FFFF3333 DDDD delete char delete words ~ ~ TTTTAAAABBBB IIII tab ~ tab ~ NNNNLLLL JJJJ insert new line ~ jump to mark switch mark and cursor FFFF4444 KKKK kill line kill para kill selection ~ CCCCRRRR MMMM insert new line change modes sets mark ~ FFFF5555 OOOO open line ~ open line ~ ____ undo delete ~ clear mark ~ DDDDEEEELLLL DDDDEEEELLLL erase char erase word ~ ~ AAAAddddddddiiiittttiiiioooonnnn////DDDDeeeelllleeeettttiiiioooonnnn ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnnddddssss iiiinnnn ddddeeeettttaaaaiiiillll:::: ^^^^DDDD erases the character at the cursor position. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^DDDD erases that number of characters to the right of the cursor. <<<>>>^^^^DDDD erases the next word. A word is defined from the current cursor position to the next blank or carriage return. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^DDDD erases that number of words to the right of the cursor. ^^^^IIII inserts a TTTTAAAABBBB character. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^IIII inserts that number of TTTTAAAABBBB characters. <<<>>>^^^^IIII Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 10 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) inserts the mark at the current cursor position before inserting a TTTTAAAABBBB character. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^IIII inserts the mark, then inserts that number of TTTTAAAABBBB characters. ^^^^JJJJ inserts a nnnneeeewwww lllliiiinnnneeee at the current cursor position and moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^JJJJ inserts that number of new lines. ^^^^KKKK erases the current line. If the cursor is located at the beginning of the line, the entire line is erased, including the carriage return at the end of the line. If the cursor is located between the beginning and end of the line, everything right of the cursor is erased, including the carriage return at the end of the line. You can use ^^^^KKKK to erase blank lines. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^KKKK erases that number of lines from the current cursor position. <<<>>>^^^^KKKK erases from the current cursor position to the end of the paragraph. The end of a paragraph is indicated by two successive carriage returns--one at the end of the last line and one on the blank line that follows the paragraph. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^KKKK erases that number of paragraphs. <<<>>>^^^^KKKK erases text between the mark and the current cursor position. For instance, if the mark is in the middle of the file and the cursor is at the end, the last half of the file will be erased. ^^^^MMMM inserts a nnnneeeewwww lllliiiinnnneeee at the current cursor position and moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^MMMM inserts that number of new lines. ^^^^OOOO inserts a nnnneeeewwww lllliiiinnnneeee at the current cursor position, but does not move the cursor. Any text to the right of the cursor moves down to start a new line. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^OOOO inserts that number of new lines without moving the cursor. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 11 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) <<<>>>^^^^OOOO inserts a new line without moving the cursor. It inserts the mark at the beginning of the next (new) line. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^OOOO inserts that number of new lines without moving the cursor. It inserts the mark after the last new line. ^^^^DDDDEEEELLLLEEEETTTTEEEE erases the character to the left of the cursor. This acts the same as using the DELETE key alone. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^DDDDEEEELLLLEEEETTTTEEEE erases that number of characters to the left of the cursor. <<<>>>^^^^DDDDEEEELLLLEEEETTTTEEEE erases the word to the left of the cursor. This acts the same as using ^DELETE. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^DDDDEEEELLLLEEEETTTTEEEE erases that number of words to the left of the cursor. ^^^^____ reinserts the last deletion. The content of the ffffoooorrrrwwwwaaaarrrrdddd and bbbbaaaacccckkkkwwwwaaaarrrrdddd delete buffer is cleared after reinserting the deleted text. <<<>>>^^^^____ erases the mark. CCCCUUUUTTTT////PPPPAAAASSSSTTTTEEEE These commands deal with the 'take' buffers. You can have up to 32 take buffers, each named as you choose when you use it for the first time. The name appears on the status (top) line of the terminal screen following \\\\::::. The default take buffer is "default". CCCCuuuutttt////PPPPaaaasssstttteeee ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd oooovvvveeeerrrrvvvviiiieeeewwww:::: KKKKeeeeyyyy CCCCTTTTRRRRLLLL EEEESSSSCCCC CCCCTTTTRRRRLLLL AAAALLLLTTTT AAAALLLLTTTT EEEESSSSCCCC LLLLaaaabbbbeeeellll set mark first set mark first TTTT save line save para save selection ~ into paste buf into paste buf into paste buf into paste buf FFFF7777 VVVV paste paste and replace select replace select clear paste buf with paste buf clear paste buf YYYY save char save word ~ ~ into paste buf into paste buf FFFF8888 \\\\ chng paste buf clr paste buf ~ ~ Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 12 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) CCCCuuuutttt////PPPPaaaasssstttteeee ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnnddddssss iiiinnnn ddddeeeettttaaaaiiiillll:::: ^^^^TTTT removes a line from the file and puts it in the current take buffer. The line is defined from the current cur- sor position to the next carriage return. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^TTTT removes that number of lines from the file and puts them in the current take buffer. <<<>>>^^^^TTTT removes a paragraph from the file and puts it in the current take buffer. A paragraph is defined from the current cursor position to two successive carriage returns--one at the end of the last line and one on the blank line that follows the paragraph. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^TTTT removes that number of paragraphs from the file and puts them in the current take buffer. <<<>>>^^^^TTTT removes the selection (what lies between the mark and the cursor) and puts it in the current take buffer. ^^^^VVVV pastes the contents of the current take buffer into the file at the current cursor position. The take buffer will still contain a copy of the text. <<<>>>^^^^VVVV pastes and clears the contents of the current take buffer into the file at the current cursor position. The take buffer will be empty. <<<>>>^^^^VVVV replaces the selection (what lies between the mark and the cursor) with whatever is in the current take buffer. The old content of the selection is lost. The take buffer will still contain a copy of the text. <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^VVVV replaces the selection (what lies between the mark and the cursor) with whatever is in the current take buffer and clears the take buffer. The old content of the selection is lost. The take buffer will be empty. ^^^^YYYY removes a character from the file and puts it in the current take buffer. The character at the current cur- sor position is the one taken. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^YYYY takes that number of characters and puts them in the current buffer. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 13 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) <<<>>>^^^^YYYY removes a word from the file and puts it in the current take buffer. A word consists of any characters from the current cursor position up to the next blank or car- riage return. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^Y takes that number of words and puts them in the current buffer. ^^^^\\\\ changes the current take buffer. On the information line you will see the TTTTaaaakkkkeeee BBBBuuuuffffffffeeeerrrr:::: prompt. Type a take buffer name and press the RETURN key. If you type a new name, a new take buffer is created. If you type a name you have already used during the current editing session, you can reuse that take buffer. The take buffer name is always displayed on the information line. <<<>>>^^^^\\\\ clears any text out of the current take buffer. On the information line you will see the Buffer cleared mes- sage. SSSSEEEEAAAARRRRCCCCHHHH SSSSeeeeaaaarrrrcccchhhh ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd oooovvvveeeerrrrvvvviiiieeeewwww:::: KKKKeeeeyyyy CCCCTTTTRRRRLLLL EEEESSSSCCCC CCCCTTTTRRRRLLLL AAAALLLLTTTT AAAALLLLTTTT EEEESSSSCCCC LLLLaaaabbbbeeeellll set mark first set mark first FFFF9999 RRRR forward search reverse search forward search reverse search FFFF11110000 ZZZZ re-search reverse re-srch re-srch reverse re-srch SSSSeeeeaaaarrrrcccchhhh ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnnddddssss iiiinnnn ddddeeeettttaaaaiiiillll:::: ^^^^RRRR searches forward in a file for the specified text string. On the information line you will see the ++++SSSSeeeeaaaarrrrcccchhhh:::: prompt. Type the string you want to find. If the string exists between the cursor's current position and the end of the file, vvvveeeedddd moves the cursor to that location. If vvvveeeedddd can not find the specified string, the cursor does not move and you will hear a beep. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, ^^^^RRRR finds that numbered occurrence of the string. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 14 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) <<<>>>^^^^RRRR searches backwards in a file for the specified text string. On the information line you will see the ---- SSSSeeeeaaaarrrrcccchhhh:::: prompt. Type the string you want to find. If the string exists between the cursor's current position and the beginning of the file, vvvveeeedddd moves the cursor to that location. If vvvveeeedddd can not find the string, the cursor does not move and you will hear a beep. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^RRRR finds that num- bered occurrence of the string. <<<>>>^^^^RRRR searches forward in a file for the specified text string. On the information line you will see the ++++SSSSeeeeaaaarrrrcccchhhh:::: prompt. Type the string you want to find. When (and if) found, the mark is inserted at the beginning of the string and the cursor moves to the end of the string; the string is then considered selected. If vvvveeeedddd can not find the string, the cursor does not move, no mark is inserted, and you will hear a beep. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>>^^^^RRRR finds that num- bered occurrence of the string. <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^RRRR searches backwards in a file for the specified text string. On the information line you will see the ---- SSSSeeeeaaaarrrrcccchhhh:::: prompt. Type the string you want to find. When found, the mark is inserted at the beginning of the search string and the cursor moves to the end of the string; the string is then considered selected. If vvvveeeedddd can not find the string, the cursor does not move, no mark is inserted, and you will hear a beep. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^RRRR finds that numbered occurrence of the string. ^^^^ZZZZ re-searches for the last text string you asked to for with the ^^^^RRRR, <<<>>>^^^^RRRR, <<<>>>^^^^RRRR, or <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^RRRR command. If you already found one occurrence of the text string, ^^^^ZZZZ will find the next occurrence. If vvvveeeedddd can not find another occurrence, the cursor does not move and you will hear a beep. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 15 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, instance, ^^^^ZZZZ finds that numbered occurrence of the string. <<<>>>^^^^ZZZZ reverses direction and re-searches for the last text string you asked for with the ^^^^RRRR, <<<>>>^^^^RRRR, <<<>>>^^^^RRRR, or <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^RRRR command. If you already found one occurrence of the text string, <<<>>>^^^^ZZZZ will find the next, or previous, occurrence, depending on which your direction. For instance, if the original command was ^^^^RRRR, <<<>>>^^^^ZZZZ will find the previous occurrence. If vvvveeeedddd can not find another occurrence, the cursor does not move and you will hear a beep. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, instance, <<<>>>^^^^ZZZZ finds that numbered occurrence of the string. <<<>>>^^^^ZZZZ re-searches for the last text string you asked for with the ^^^^RRRR, <<<>>>^^^^RRRR, <<<>>>^^^^RRRR, or <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^RRRR command. If you already found one occurrence of the text string, <<<>>>^^^^ZZZZ will find the next occurrence, set the mark at the beginning of it, and move the cursor to the end of it. This occurrence of the string is then considered selected. If vvvveeeedddd can not find another occurrence, the cursor does not move, no mark is inserted, and you will hear a beep. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, instance, <<<>>>^^^^ZZZZ finds that numbered occurrence of the search string, with the numbering beginning from the current cursor position. For instance, if _n_u_m_b_e_r is 4, the next three occurrences are skipped and the mark is inserted at the beginning of the fourth occurrence of the string. This happens regardless of how many occurrences of the string have already been located, unless there are not that many occurrences of the string in the file. <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^ZZZZ reverses direction and re-searches for the last text string you asked for with the ^^^^RRRR, <<<>>>^^^^RRRR, <<<>>>^^^^RRRR, or <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^RRRR command. If you already found one occurrence of the text string, <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^ZZZZ will find the next, or previous, occurrence, depending on your direction. For instance, if the original command was ^^^^RRRR, <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^ZZZZ will find the previous occurrence, set the mark at the beginning of it, and move the cursor to the end of it. This occurrence of the search string is then considered selected. If _n_u_m_b_e_r is greater than one, instance, <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^ZZZZ finds that numbered occurrence of the search string, Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 16 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) with the numbering beginning from the current cursor position. EEEEXXXXIIIITTTTIIIINNNNGGGG////PPPPUUUUTTTTTTTTIIIINNNNGGGG ^^^^CCCC The QUIT command ends the editing session. On the information line you will see the QQQQUUUUIIIITTTTTTTTIIIINNNNGGGG.... PPPPUUUUTTTT EEEEDDDDIIIITTTTSSSS???? ((((YYYY////WWWW////NNNN////FFFF////!!!!)))) prompt. Type YYYY if you want to save the changes made during this editing session by creating a backup file and creating a new file that holds the modified content. The backup process is done the fol- lowing way: The current backup file (if there is one) (called _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e.bak) is deleted, the current file is renamed to _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e.bak, and a version of the file containing the latest changes becomes _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If there is no _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e.bak, _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e becomes _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e.bak. Type WWWW if you want to save the changes made during this editing session by directly writing the new content into the old file. Type FFFF if you want to ffffoooorrrrcccciiiibbbbllllyyyy save the changes made during this editing session. This command works similar to the YYYY command, but vvvveeeedddd will ignore the state of the ----rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy flag and the access rights of the file. The latter will allow you to write into files without write permissions if you are super user. For execp- tions on this rule, see description of the ---- rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy ffffllllaaaagggg.... Type !!!! if you want to ffffoooorrrrcccciiiibbbbllllyyyy save the changes made during this editing session by directly writing the new content into the old file. Type NNNN if you want to end the session but don't want to save the changes. If you don't want to end the session, type anything except YYYY, WWWW, FFFF, !!!! or NNNN. If the file has been locked before by another edit ses- sion or if the file has been modified more recently than the copy that has been used for the current ses- sion, you will not be allowed to save the file. Use the force commands (FFFF or !!!!) or write back using Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 17 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) different file name. <<<>>>^^^^CCCC The BACKUP command backs up the current file. On the information line you will see the BBBBAAAACCCCKKKKUUUUPPPP????((((YYYY////WWWW////NNNN////FFFF////!!!!)))) prompt. If you enter one of the expected answers ( YYYY, WWWW, !!!! or NNNN) The same actions as with the QUIT command are per- formed except that the controls stays inside vvvveeeedddd after the backup command has completed. ^^^^XXXX^^^^HHHH calls on-line help. On the information line you will see the HHHHEEEELLLLPPPP((((YYYY????)))) prompt. To continue editing (and abort this command), type NNNN. To see the help file, type YYYY. ^^^^XXXX^^^^ZZZZ suspends the current editing session. On the information line you will see the SSSSUUUUSSSSPPPPEEEENNNNDDDDIIIINNNNGGGG.... PPPPUUUUTTTT EEEEDDDDIIIITTTTSSSS???? ((((YYYY////WWWW////NNNN////FFFF////!!!!)))) prompt. Type YYYY if you want the file to be backuped and updated before suspending vvvveeeedddd. See the QQQQUUUUIIIITTTT command for a description of the backup process. Type WWWW if you want the the file to be updated in place before suspending vvvveeeedddd. Type FFFF if you want file to be ffffoooorrrrcccciiiibbbbllllyyyy updated before suspending vvvveeeedddd. This command works similar to the YYYY command, but vvvveeeedddd will ignore the state of the ----rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy flag and the access rights of the file. The latter will allow you to write into files without write permissions if you are super user. For execptions on this rule, see description of the ----rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy ffffllllaaaagggg.... Type !!!! if you want file to be ffffoooorrrrcccciiiibbbbllllyyyy updated in place before suspending vvvveeeedddd. Type NNNN if you want to suspend vvvveeeedddd but don't want to save the changes before. If you don't want to suspend vvvveeeedddd, type anything except YYYY, WWWW, FFFF, !!!! or NNNN. If the file has been locked before by another edit ses- sion or if the file has been modified more recently than the copy that has been used for the current Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 18 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) session, you will not be allowed to save the file. Use the force commands (FFFF or !!!!) or write back using dif- ferent file name. When you are ready to continue editing, use the ffffgggg or rrrreeeessssuuuummmmeeee command of your shell. You will return to the editing session. The cursor will be in the same place it was when you suspended the session, regardless of whether or not you saved your edits. FFFFIIIILLLLEEEE CCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMAAAANNNNDDDDSSSS ^^^^GGGG lets you insert another file at the current cursor position. On the information line you will see the GGGGeeeetttt ffffrrrroooommmm:::: prompt. Type a file name and press the RETURN key. You can insert files from the current working directory or from other directories (as long as you use a valid path name). The path name is subject of filename glob- bing by your shell (e.g. wild cards are working as long as they expand to exactly one filename). <<<>>>^^^^GGGG exits the current file and enters another file. On the information line you will see the CCCChhhhaaaannnnggggeeee ttttoooo:::: prompt. Type the name of the file you wish to edit and press the RETURN key. If the old file was modified, you will see the CCCCHHHHAAAANNNNGGGGIIIINNNNGGGG TTTTOOOO:::: _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. PPPPUUUUTTTT EEEEDDDDIIIITTTTSSSS????((((YYYY////WWWW////NNNN////FFFF////!!!!)))) prompt; if you want to save and backup the edits in the current file. Type YYYY if you want the file to be backuped and updated before changing the file. See the QQQQUUUUIIIITTTT command for a description of the backup process. Type WWWW if you want the the file to be updated in place before changing the file. Type FFFF if you want file to be ffffoooorrrrcccciiiibbbbllllyyyy updated before changing the file. This command works similar to the YYYY command, but vvvveeeedddd will ignore the state of the ----rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy flag and the access rights of the file. The latter will allow you to write into files without write permissions if you are super user. For execptions on this rule, see description of the ----rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy ffffllllaaaagggg.... Type !!!! if you want file to be ffffoooorrrrcccciiiibbbbllllyyyy updated in Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 19 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) place before changing the file. Type NNNN if you want to change the file but don't want to save the changes before. If you don't want to change the edited file, type any- thing except YYYY, WWWW, FFFF, !!!! or NNNN. If the file has been locked before by another edit ses- sion or if the file has been modified more recently than the copy that has been used for the current ses- sion, you will not be allowed to save the file. Use the force commands (FFFF or !!!!) or write back using dif- ferent file name. ^^^^WWWW writes a copy of the file you are editing to the file you specify. On the information line you will see the WWWWrrrriiiitttteeee ttttoooo:::: prompt. Type a file name and press the RETURN key. If the file exists, its contents are overwritten. If the file does not exist, it is created. <<<>>>^^^^WWWW writes the contents of the current take buffer to the file you specify. On the information line you will see the \\\\ ttttoooo ffffiiiilllleeee:::: prompt. Type a file name and press the RETURN key. If the file exists, its contents are overwritten. If the file does not exist, it is created. The take buffer contents will remain intact. <<<>>>^^^^WWWW writes a copy of the selection (what lies between the mark and the cursor) to the file you specify. On the information line you will see the SSSSeeeellll ttttoooo:::: prompt. Type a file name and press the RETURN key. If the file exists, its contents are overwritten. If the file does not exist, it is created. NNNNUUUUMMMMBBBBEEEERRRRSSSS <<<>>>####<<<>>> To enter a multiplier that only works for the next com- mand, type <<<>>>, enter a number and then press the RETURN key. If you entered a number by mistake, simply enter <<<>>>1111<<<>>> to reset the number to it's default value. ^^^^UUUU multiplies _n_u_m_b_e_r by the multiplier. The default Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 20 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) multiplier is 4. Each time you press ^^^^UUUU _n_u_m_b_e_r changes to the next multiple of 4 (16, 16, 64, and so on). <<<>>>^^^^UUUU changes the multiplier. The default multiplier is 4. If you want to multiply _n_u_m_b_e_r by a different value, use <<<>>>^^^^UUUU. On the information line you will see the MMMMuuuulllltttt ==== prompt. Type a number and press the RETURN key. MMMMIIIISSSSCCCCEEEELLLLLLLLAAAANNNNEEEEOOOOUUUUSSSS <<<>>>^^^^GGGG lets you edit your editing macro file called ....vvvveeeeddddmmmmaaaacccc (which is located in your $_H_O_M_E directory). It is the same as if you used ^^^^XXXX^^^^XXXX to execute a new vvvveeeedddd and answered NNNN to the _p_u_t question. When you are through editing ....vvvveeeeddddmmmmaaaacccc, press ^C to continue editing the file you were in when you issued the <<<>>>^^^^GGGG command; you will be asked whether or not you want to put the edits from ....vvvveeeeddddmmmmaaaacccc before you return to the original file. <<<>>>^^^^JJJJ moves the cursor to the mark. The current cursor position determines whether this is a forward or backward movement. For instance, if the mark is in the middle of the file and the cursor is at the beginning, its a forward movement; if the cursor is at the end, its a backward movement. <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^JJJJ switches the cursor and the mark. ^^^^LLLL redisplays the current screenful of text. This is use- ful after a message has been sent to your terminal which may have overwritten some of the text. <<<>>>^^^^LLLL adjusts the text displayed on the terminal screen so that the line the cursor is on becomes the optimum line on the screen. This usually is the center line of the display but it may be changed using the <<<>>>::::sssseeeetttt oooopppptttt---- lllliiiinnnneeee #### <<<>>> command. This may involve displaying dif- ferent text, depending on where the cursor is when you use this command. <<<>>>^^^^LLLL Adjusts the current Line of the Cursor to be the first Line on Screen. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 21 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) <<<>>>^^^^MMMM changes modes. On the information line you will see the MMMMooooddddeeee????((((OOOORRRRVVVV8888)))) prompt. Type DDDD to enable or disable DDDDOOOOSSSS mode. VVVV for visible mode. OOOO for overstrike mode. 8888 to enable or disable rrrraaaawwww8888 mode. RRRR to reset back to default mode. <<<>>> to list the current mode settings. If you type anything else, you will abort the command. <<<>>>^^^^MMMM sets a mark at the current cursor position. <<<>>>nnnn displays the next Page of file. <<<>>>pppp displays the previous Page of file. <<<>>><<<>>>nnnn Sets a Mark, then displays the next Page of file. <<<>>><<<>>>pppp Sets a Mark, then displays the previous Page of file. ^^^^QQQQ unfreezes the screen which was frozen by pressing ^^^^SSSS. ^^^^SSSS freezes cursor and text movement on the screen. Use ^^^^QQQQ to unfreeze it. ^^^^XXXX^^^^XXXX lets you execute a _s_h_e_l_l command without terminating the editing session. Control temporarily returns to the Command Interpreter while the command is executed, then you can continue editing. For instance, if you want to read another file into the one you are editing but can not remember the file name, you can execute an ls command to find its name. When you type ^^^^XXXX^^^^XXXX, you will see the EEEExxxxeeeeccccuuuutttteeee:::: prompt on the information line. Type the command line and press the RETURN key. If the file was modified Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 22 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) before you called ^^^^XXXX^^^^XXXX, you will see the EEEEXXXXEEEECCCCUUUUTTTTIIIINNNNGGGG.... PPPPUUUUTTTT EEEEDDDDIIIITTTTSSSS???? ((((YYYY////WWWW////NNNN////FFFF////!!!!)))) prompt. Type YYYY if you want the file to be backuped and updated before executing the command. See the QQQQUUUUIIIITTTT command for a description of the backup pro- cess. Type WWWW if you want the the file to be updated in place before executing the command. Type FFFF if you want file to be ffffoooorrrrcccciiiibbbbllllyyyy updated before executing the command. This command works similar to the YYYY command, but vvvveeeedddd will ignore the state of the ----rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy flag and the access rights of the file. The latter will allow you to write into files without write permissions if you are super user. For execptions on this rule, see description of the ----rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy ffffllllaaaagggg.... Type !!!! if you want file to be ffffoooorrrrcccciiiibbbbllllyyyy updated in place before executing the command. Type NNNN if you want to execute the command but don't want to save the changes before. If the file has been locked before by another edit ses- sion or if the file has been modified more recently than the copy that has been used for the current ses- sion, you will not be allowed to save the file. Use the force commands (FFFF or !!!!) or write back using dif- ferent file name. In all cases, after returning from the command, the cursor will be on the same place as it was before typ- ing ^^^^XXXX^^^^XXXX. Note that if the _s_h_e_l_l command you want to execute requires the current file as an argument, you might need to update it. For instance, if you the file you are editing contains formatting commands that you want to test, you will need to update the file so that the version of the file you format and view is the most up-to-date one. To abort the command while you can see the EEEExxxxeeeeccccuuuutttteeee:::: prompt, do not type a command; simply press the RETURN key. If you had started to type a command, use the DELETE key to erase it; the field following the prompt must be blank. To abort the command while you can see the EEEEXXXXEEEECCCCUUUUTTTTIIIINNNNGGGG.... PPPPUUUUTTTT EEEEDDDDIIIITTTTSSSS???? ((((YYYY////WWWW////NNNN////FFFF////!!!!)))) prompt, type any- thing except YYYY, WWWW, FFFF, !!!! NNNN. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 23 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) <<<>>>^^^^XXXX executes the contents of the current take buffer. You can type a _s_h_e_l_l command line in your file and then save it in a take buffer (using the ^^^^TTTT, <<<>>>^^^^TTTT, ^^^^YYYY or <<<>>>^^^^YYYY commands). When you type ^X, you will see the EEEEXXXXEEEECCCCUUUUTTTTIIIINNNNGGGG.... PPPPUUUUTTTT EEEEDDDDIIIITTTTSSSS???? ((((YYYY////WWWW////NNNN////FFFF////!!!!)))) prompt on the information line. Type YYYY if you want the file to be backuped and updated before executing the command. See the QQQQUUUUIIIITTTT command for a description of the backup pro- cess. Type WWWW if you want the the file to be updated in place before executing the command. Type FFFF if you want file to be ffffoooorrrrcccciiiibbbbllllyyyy updated before executing the command. This command works similar to the YYYY command, but vvvveeeedddd will ignore the state of the ----rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy flag and the access rights of the file. The latter will allow you to write into files without write permissions if you are super user. For execptions on this rule, see description of the ----rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy ffffllllaaaagggg.... Type !!!! if you want file to be ffffoooorrrrcccciiiibbbbllllyyyy updated in place before executing the command. Type NNNN if you want to execute the command but don't want to save the changes before. If you don't want to execute the command, type anything except YYYY, WWWW, FFFF, !!!! or NNNN. If the file has been locked before by another edit ses- sion or if the file has been modified more recently than the copy that has been used for the current ses- sion, you will not be allowed to save the file. Use the force commands (FFFF or !!!!) or write back using dif- ferent file name. <<<>>>^^^^XXXX executes the selection (what lies between the mark and the cursor). You can type a _s_h_e_l_l command line in your file and select it. When you type <<<>>>^^^^XXXX, you will see the EEEEXXXXEEEECCCCUUUUTTTTIIIINNNNGGGG.... PPPPUUUUTTTT EEEEDDDDIIIITTTTSSSS???? ((((YYYY////WWWW////NNNN////FFFF////!!!!)))) prompt on the information line. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 24 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) Type YYYY if you want the file to be backuped and updated before executing the command. See the QQQQUUUUIIIITTTT command for a description of the backup pro- cess. Type WWWW if you want the the file to be updated in place before executing the command. Type FFFF if you want file to be ffffoooorrrrcccciiiibbbbllllyyyy updated before executing the command. This command works similar to the YYYY command, but vvvveeeedddd will ignore the state of the ----rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy flag and the access rights of the file. The latter will allow you to write into files without write permissions if you are super user. For execptions on this rule, see description of the ----rrrreeeeaaaaddddoooonnnnllllyyyy ffffllllaaaagggg.... Type !!!! if you want file to be ffffoooorrrrcccciiiibbbbllllyyyy updated in place before executing the command. Type NNNN if you want to execute the command but don't want to save the changes before. If you don't want to execute the command, type anything except YYYY, WWWW, FFFF, !!!! or NNNN. If the file has been locked before by another edit ses- sion or if the file has been modified more recently than the copy that has been used for the current ses- sion, you will not be allowed to save the file. Use the force commands (FFFF or !!!!) or write back using dif- ferent file name. ^^^^@@@@ indicates the current line number. This number tells you how many lines exist between the beginning of the file and the current cursor position. On the information line you will see ++++LLLLiiiinnnneeee:::: _3_3_3 where _3_3_3 is the current line number. <<<>>>^^^^@@@@ indicates how many lines exist between the current cur- sor position and the end of the file. On the information line you will see ----LLLLiiiinnnneeee:::: _2_2 where _2_2 is the number of lines remaining in the file. <<<>>>^^^^@@@@ indicates what line the mark is on, in relation to the beginning of the file. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 25 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) On the information line you will see ++++LLLLiiiinnnneeee:::: _4_5 where _4_5 is the positive line number on which the mark is located. If there is no mark, you will see NNNNoooo mmmmaaaarrrrkkkk!!!! displayed on the far right of the information line. <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^@@@@ indicates what line the mark is on, in relation to the end of the file. On the information line you will see ----LLLLiiiinnnneeee:::: _1_0_9 where _1_0_9 is the negative line number on which the mark is located. If there is no mark, you will see NNNNoooo mmmmaaaarrrrkkkk!!!! displayed on the far right of the information line. ^^^^[[[[ is the same as using the <<<>>> key. ^^^^]]]] is <<<>>>. Use this sequence of keystrokes to start an AAAALLLLTTTT command. ^^^^XXXX is the lead in character for an extended command. <<<>>>^^^^]]]] is the same as using <<<>>><<<>>>. ^^^^^^^^ quotes the next character so that it is taken literally and then is converted to a control character. For instance, if you want to include a command in a macro definition, you must quote the keystroke sequence. Oth- erwise, the command will be executed rather than become part of your macro. <<<>>>^^^^^^^^ quotes the next character so that is becomes a 8 bit character. <<<>>>^^^^^^^^ quotes the next character so that is becomes a 8 bit control character. <<<>>><<<>>>^^^^^^^^ quotes the next character so that you type it in in a hexadecimal notation. <<<>>><<<>>> goto tag that is a word located at cursor position. See FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS section for more information on the ttttaaaagggg file. <<<>>><<<>>><<<>>> Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 26 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) pop the tag stack by one entry. Every time you go to a tag, the old location is puched on top of the tag stack. <<<>>>%%%% search for matching parenthesis. If this command is entered, the cursor is put to the parenthesis that matches the parenthesis where the cursor is currently located. <<<>>>**** Execute temporary macro. One temporary macro may be set up using the command <<<>>>::::mmmmaaaaccccrrrroooo command. <<<>>>:::: introduce a colon command. See section CCCCOOOOLLLLOOOONNNN CCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMAAAANNNNDDDDSSSS for more information. CCCCOOOOLLLLOOOONNNN CCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMAAAANNNNDDDDSSSS Colon commands are introduced via <<<>>>:::: The command then may be entered on the (top) status line of vvvveeeedddd. The colon commands are: bbbbaaaacccckkkkuuuupppp Backup current file. This command is the same as when <<<>>>^^^^CCCC is entered. It may be needed if for some rea- son it it not possible to enter the interrupt character of the terminal driver. bbbbiiiinnnndddd Print the current command binding for vvvveeeedddd. Later ver- sions of vvvveeeedddd may allow to modify the binding with this command. hhhheeeellllpppp print online help for available colon commands. mmmmaaaaccccrrrroooo _m_a_c_r_o _b_o_d_y set up a temporary macro that may be executed via <<<>>>**** mmmmaaaapppp mmmmaaaapppp _f_r_o_m-_s_t_r_i_n_g _t_o-_s_t_r_i_n_g The first form lists all currently active mappings, the second form sets up a new mapping. nnnneeeexxxxtttt switch to next file in file list. This command may only be used if vvvveeeedddd has been called with more than one file argument. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 27 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) pppprrrreeeevvvv switch to previous file in file list. This command may only be used if vvvveeeedddd has been called with more than one file argument. qqqquuuuiiiitttt Quit vvvveeeedddd. This command is the same as when ^^^^CCCC is entered. It may be needed if for some reason it it not possible to enter the interrupt character of the termi- nal driver. sssseeeetttt sssseeeetttt _s_e_t-_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _s_e_t-_a_r_g_s The first form lists the current settings of vvvveeeedddd, the second form sets a specific property of vvvveeeedddd. The vai- ables that may be modified via the sssseeeetttt command are: aaaauuuuttttooooiiiinnnnddddeeeennnntttt If set, vvvveeeedddd activates the auto indent mode. Subse- quent lines will be automatically indented with the same indent as the previous line. Switch off with <<<>>>::::sssseeeetttt nnnnooooaaaauuuuttttooooiiiinnnnddddeeeennnntttt lllliiiinnnneeeelllleeeennnn _n_e_w-_l_i_n_e_l_e_n Set linelength that is used as base for screen updates. This linenength usually is retrived from the terminal driver but may be modified manually. mmmmaaaaggggiiiicccc Switch to mmmmaaaaggggiiiicccc mode for pattern matching (this is the default when vvvveeeedddd has been started). If in magic mode, matching is done using regular expres- sion pattern matching. This mode may be switched off with <<<>>>::::sssseeeetttt nnnnoooommmmaaaaggggiiiicccc. If mmmmaaaaggggiiiicccc mode is turned off, matching is done without using regular expression matching even if the pattern contains _m_a_g_i_c _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s _f_o_r _p_a_t_t_e_r_n _m_a_t_c_h_i_n_g. mmmmaaaarrrrkkkkwwwwrrrraaaapppp Mark wrapped lines with a \ character at the end of a visible terminal line (this is the default when vvvveeeedddd has been started). This mode may be switched off with <<<>>>::::sssseeeetttt nnnnoooommmmaaaarrrrkkkkwwwwrrrraaaapppp. ooooppppttttlllliiiinnnneeee _o_p_t-_l_i_n_e Set the _o_p_t_i_m_a_l _l_i_n_e. This is the line (counted from the top of the terminal) where the cursor is adjusted to when vvvveeeedddd does scrolling. It is set by default to the half of the number of lines of the terminal. ppppmmmmaaaarrrrggggiiiinnnn _p_a_g_e-_m_a_r_g_i_n Set the distance you need to have between the Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 28 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) cursoe and the upper or lower border of the termi- nal. If you cross this border, vvvveeeedddd will start to scroll and adjust the cursor to the optimal line. It is set by default to 0 and allows to place the cursor to any visible line on the screen. ppppssssiiiizzzzeeee _p_a_g_e-_s_i_z_e Set pagesize that is used as base for screen updates. This pagesize usually is retrived from the terminal driver but may be modified manually. ttttaaaabbbbssssttttoooopppp _t_a_b-_w_i_d_t_h Set the size of a visible tab chacaracter. This width is set to 8 by default. ttttaaaagggglllleeeennnnggggtttthhhh _t_a_g-_l_e_n-_v_a_l_u_e Set the number of characters that are used to com- pare a tag name with a tag label in the ttttaaaaggggssss file. If it is set to 0 (the default), vvvveeeedddd compares the complete tag length. ttttaaaaggggssss _t_a_g-_f_i_l_e-_l_i_s_t Set the list if files that is searched when look- ing for a tag data base. The tag file list is separated by blanks and by default set to _t_a_g_s .. /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_t_a_g_s This means that vvvveeeedddd will first look for a file ttttaaaaggggssss in the current directory, then search up for (directory by directory until the root directors is reached) a file ttttaaaaggggssss and last it vill look for a file ////uuuussssrrrr////lllliiiibbbb////ttttaaaaggggssss. wwwwrrrraaaappppmmmmaaaarrrrggggiiiinnnn _w_r_a_p-_m_a_r_g_i_n If wwwwrrrraaaappppmmmmaaaaggggiiiinnnn is set, vvvveeeedddd will activate the auto- warp mode. In auto-wrap mode, vvvveeeedddd will automati- cally insert a new-line before a word if the cur- sor is less than _w_r_a_p-_m_a_g_i_n from the right termi- nal border. ssssuuuubbbbssssttttiiiittttuuuutttteeee /_o_l_d/_n_e_w/ Substitute pattern _o_l_d by _n_e_w. The pattern _n_e_w may contain an & for the _o_l_d string. ttttaaaagggg _t_a_g-_n_a_m_e goto tag named _t_a_g-_n_a_m_e. See FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS section for more information on the ttttaaaagggg file. MMMMAAAACCCCRRRROOOOSSSS You may create macros in vvvveeeedddd that are a combination of Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 29 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) different vvvveeeedddd basic commands. To create a macro, you need to edit the file ....vvvveeeeddddmmmmaaaacccc in your home directory. You may do this bey either explicitly typing _v_e_d ~/._v_e_d_m_a_c or by using the built in vvvveeeedddd command <<<>>>^^^^GGGG. The file ~~~~////....vvvveeeeddddmmmmaaaacccc contains a number of lines, each holds a macro definition like this: LLLL::::////****^^^^[[[[77774444^^^^MMMM----****////:::: CCCCoooommmmmmmmeeeennnntttt LLLLiiiinnnneeee Each macro definition has three fields: nnnnaaaammmmeeee The name of the macro. In our case, the name is simply LLLL and the macro may executed by typing <<<>>>LLLL. ffffuuuunnnnccccttttiiiioooonnnn The implementation of the macro. In our case the func- tion contains ////****^^^^[[[[77774444^^^^MMMM----****//// and will draw a C-comment line that contains 74 '-' chars as body. ccccoooommmmmmmmeeeennnntttt A comment for better understanding of the macro file. The comment is ignored. The fields are separated by a colon. Macros may be combined to form new macros. They also may recursively call each other and you may set _n_u_m_b_e_r to a value greater than one to execute a macro more than once. There is currently no way to execute a macro in a condi- tional way. MMMMAAAAPPPPPPPPIIIINNNNGGGGSSSS You may create mappings in vvvveeeedddd that contain arbitrary char- acter sequences. To create a mapping, you need to edit the file ....vvvveeeeddddmmmmaaaapppp in your home directory. The file ~~~~////....vvvveeeeddddmmmmaaaapppp contains a number of lines, each holds a map definition like this: \\\\EEEE[[[[111199993333zzzz::::^^^^CCCC::::QQQQuuuuiiiitttt EEEEddddiiiittttoooorrrr ((((LLLL2222)))) Each map definition has three fields: ffffrrrroooommmm The from string (left hand side) of the map. In our case, the name is the sequence \\\\EEEE[[[[111199993333zzzz which is the output of the L2 function key on a Sun keyboard. Every time when you type the character sequence \\\\EEEE[[[[111199993333zzzz or hit a function key that emits this character sequence, it will replaced by the the replacement string before the input is read by vvvveeeedddd.... Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 30 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) rrrreeeeppppllllaaaacccceeeemmmmeeeennnntttt The replacement (right hand size or to string) of the macro. In our case the map expands to ^^^^CCCC and will quit vvvveeeedddd. ccccoooommmmmmmmeeeennnntttt A comment for better understanding of the map file. The comment is ignored. The fields are separated by a colon. The text in the macro file is fed through ttttddddeeeeccccooooddddeeee(((()))) to allow the same escape sequences as you may have in the termcap file. EEEENNNNVVVVIIIIRRRROOOONNNNMMMMEEEENNNNTTTT SSSSHHHHEEEELLLLLLLL For the shell to use for shell command escapes, file name globbing and similar. HHHHOOOOMMMMEEEE To find the private files ~~~~////....vvvveeeeddddmmmmaaaacccc ~~~~////....vvvveeeeddddmmmmaaaapppp and ~~~~////....tttteeeerrrrmmmmccccaaaapppp TTTTEEEERRRRMMMM This TTTTEEEERRRRMMMMCCCCAAAAPPPP TTTTEEEERRRRMMMMPPPPAAAATTTTHHHH PPPPAAAATTTTHHHH The environment variable PPPPAAAATTTTHHHH is used to find the on- line help file of vvvveeeedddd. SSSSLLLLAAAASSSSHHHH If the environment variable SSSSLLLLAAAASSSSHHHH is set to 'off', no slashes are accepted in filenames. VVVVEEEEDDDD____FFFFTTTTMMMMPPPPDDDDIIIIRRRR Fast tmp directory. The directory where the vvvveeeedddd swap file vvvveeeeddddFFFF...._p_r_o_c_e_s_s_i_d is stored. If VVVVEEEEDDDD____FFFFTTTTMMMMPPPPDDDDIIIIRRRR is not specified, the swap file will usually be stored in /tmp/. VVVVEEEEDDDD____TTTTMMMMPPPPDDDDIIIIRRRR General tmp directory. The directory where all vvvveeeedddd tmp files except the swap file are stored. If VVVVEEEEDDDD____FFFFTTTTMMMMPPPPDDDDIIIIRRRR is not defined but VVVVEEEEDDDD____TTTTMMMMPPPPDDDDIIIIRRRR is defined, all vvvveeeedddd tmp files will be placed into this directory. If VVVVEEEEDDDD____TTTTMMMMPPPPDDDDIIIIRRRR is not specified, the other ved tmp files will usually be stored in /var/tmp/. VVVVEEEEDDDD____SSSSTTTTAAAATTTTIIIISSSSTTTTIIIICCCCSSSS If set and vvvveeeedddd has been compiled with statistics sup- port, vvvveeeedddd will print statistic information at the end Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 31 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) of a session. FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS ////eeeettttcccc////tttteeeerrrrmmmmccccaaaapppp The system's terminal capabilities database. ~~~~////....tttteeeerrrrmmmmccccaaaapppp The private terminal capabilities database. ~~~~////....vvvveeeeddddmmmmaaaacccc Contains private macro definitions. ~~~~////....vvvveeeeddddmmmmaaaapppp Contains private mappings. ~~~~////....vvvveeeeddddttttmmmmpppp...._u_i_d Contains the names of the files that have been edit from the current directory as well as the cursor posi- tion of the last visit. VVVVeeeedddd also keeps track of the last edited file. ttttaaaaggggssss This file contains a list of tags that tell vvvveeeedddd where a definition for a tag may be found. Tags may contain e.g. function names, macro names and typedefs. By default, vvvveeeedddd looks for a ttttaaaagggg file in the current direc- tory and if not found in all directories that are closer to the root directory. If a ttttaaaagggg file can be found in a directory closer to the root directory, vvvveeeedddd will modify the file name from within the ttttaaaagggg file to reflect the directory distance to this ttttaaaagggg file. This property is unique to vvvveeeedddd. VVVVeeeedddd accepts ttttaaaagggg files in the same notation as vvvviiii. ////ttttmmmmpppp////vvvveeeeddddFFFF...._p_r_o_c_e_s_s_i_d The vvvveeeedddd swap file. ////vvvvaaaarrrr////ttttmmmmpppp////vvvveeeeddddBBBB...._p_r_o_c_e_s_s_i_d The vvvveeeedddd backward delete buffer. ////vvvvaaaarrrr////ttttmmmmpppp////vvvveeeeddddDDDD...._p_r_o_c_e_s_s_i_d The vvvveeeedddd forward delete buffer. ////vvvvaaaarrrr////ttttmmmmpppp////vvvveeeeddddTTTT...._p_r_o_c_e_s_s_i_d The current take buffer. ////vvvvaaaarrrr////ttttmmmmpppp////vvvveeeeddddTTTT_p_a_s_t_e_n_a_m_e._p_r_o_c_e_s_s_i_d One file for every named take buffer. ////vvvvaaaarrrr////ttttmmmmpppp////vvvveeeeddddPPPP...._p_r_o_c_e_s_s_i_d The vvvveeeedddd crash recovery protocol buffer. Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 32 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) ////vvvvaaaarrrr////ttttmmmmpppp////vvvveeeeddddXXXX...._p_r_o_c_e_s_s_i_d The vvvveeeedddd shell command execute buffer. ............////mmmmaaaannnn////hhhheeeellllpppp////vvvveeeedddd....hhhheeeellllpppp The on-line help file is assumed to be in the same directory tree as the vvvveeeedddd binary. SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO cccchhhhaaaannnnggggeeee(1), mmmmaaaattttcccchhhh(1). NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEESSSS To edit files greater than 2 GB, you need to compile vvvveeeedddd with large file support or create a 64 bit binary. Unlike vvvviiii, vvvveeeedddd is not based on a line editor. This avoids annoying bugs but may cause to irritate people who are used to work with vvvviiii. Since vvvveeeedddd uses a private implementation of the tttteeeerrrrmmmmccccaaaapppp ter- minal independent screen package, vvvveeeedddd uses ////eeeettttcccc////tttteeeerrrrmmmmccccaaaapppp even on systems that usually emulate tttteeeerrrrmmmmccccaaaapppp with tttteeeerrrrmmmmiiiinnnnffffoooo. This allows to use the portable terminal description on all operating systems. From my current point of view, vvvveeeedddd will never switch towards tttteeeerrrrmmmmiiiinnnnffffoooo. Although tttteeeerrrrmmmmiiiinnnnffffoooo provides more functionality than tttteeeerrrrmmmmccccaaaapppp, it tends to be non-portable between different platforms. While tttteeeerrrrmmmmccccaaaapppp allows to have a private terminal database in the NFS mounted home directory, this tend to gives problems with tttteeeerrrrmmmmiiiinnnnffffoooo if a vendor did make private additions. Because tttteeeerrrrmmmmccccaaaapppp explicitly names all capabilities, there are less problems with private addi- tions; tttteeeerrrrmmmmiiiinnnnffffoooo only uses an array index to identify a specific capability so this method only works if there is a global unique implementation. Make sure that the TTTTEEEERRRRMMMM environment is assigned to the correct terminal type. If the eighth bit of a character is "on", the tilde charac- ter ~~~~ appears before characters, i.e., ~_C. BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS None currently known. AUTHOR Joerg Schilling Seestr. 110 D-13353 Berlin Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 33 VED(1L) Schily's USER COMMANDS VED(1L) Germany Mail bugs and suggestions to: sssscccchhhhiiiilllllllliiiinnnngggg@@@@ffffooookkkkuuuussss....ggggmmmmdddd....ddddeeee or jjjjssss@@@@ccccssss....ttttuuuu----bbbbeeeerrrrlllliiiinnnn....ddddeeee or jjjjooooeeeerrrrgggg@@@@sssscccchhhhiiiillllyyyy....iiiissssddddnnnn....ccccssss....ttttuuuu----bbbbeeeerrrrlllliiiinnnn....ddddeeee Joerg Schilling Last change: 00/12/27 34